For New Members of the Church

The soul, touched with the love of Christ the Spouse, and longing to attain to His grace and gain His goodwill, goes forth here disguised with that disguise which most vividly represents the affections of its spirit and which will protect it most securely on its journey from adversaries and enemies, which are the devil, the world, and the flesh. Thus the livery which it wears is of three colors – white, green, and purple – denoting the three theological virtues, faith, hope and charity. By these the soul will not only gain the grace and goodwill of its beloved, but it will travel in security and complete protection from its three enemies: for faith is an inward tunic of whiteness so pure that it completely dazzles the eyes of the understanding. And thus, when the soul journeys in its vestment of faith, the devil can neither see it nor succeed in harming it, since it is well-protected by faith – more so than by all the other virtues – against the devil, who is at once the strongest and the most cunning of enemies.

It is clear that St. Peter could find no better protection than faith to save him from the devil, when he said: Cui resistite fortes in fide (1 Peter 5:9). And in order to gain the grace of the Beloved, and union with Him, the soul cannot put on a better vest and tunic to serve as a foundation and beginning of the vestments of the virtues, than this white armor of faith, for without it, as the Apostle says, it is impossible to please God, and with it, it is impossible to fail to please Him. For He Himself says through a prophet: Sponsabo te mihi in fide (Hosea 2:20). Which is as much as to say: If thou desirest, O soul, to be united and betrothed to Me, thou must come inwardly clad in faith.

This white garment of faith was worn by the soul on its going forth from this dark night, when, walking in interior constraint and darkness, it received no aid in the form of light from its understanding, neither from above, since Heaven seemed to be closed to it and God hidden from it, nor from below, since those that taught it satisfied it not. It suffered with constancy and persevered, passing through those trails without fainting of failing the Beloved, Who in trials and tribulations proves the faith of His Bride, so that afterwards she may truly repeat this saying of David, namely: ‘By the words of Thy lips I kept hard ways’ (Psalm 17:4).

Next over this white tunic of faith the soul now puts on the second color, a green vestment. This signifies the virtue of hope, wherewith the soul is delivered and protected from the second enemy, the world. For this green color of living hope in God gives the soul such ardor and courage and aspiration to the things of eternal life that, by comparison with what it hopes for therein, all things of the world seem to it to be, as in truth they are, dry and faded and dead and nothing worthy. The soul now divests and strips itself of all these worldly vestments and garments, setting its heart upon naught that is in the world and hoping for naught, whether of that which is or of that which is to be, but living clad only in the hope of eternal life. Wherefore, when the heart is thus lifted up above the world, not only can the world neither tough the heart nor lay hold on I, but it cannot even come within sight of it.

And thus, in the green livery and disguise, the soul journeys in complete security from the second enemy. For St. Paul speaks of hope as the helmet of salvation (1 Thess 5:8) – that is, a piece of armor that protects the whole head, and covers it so that there is uncovered only a visor through which it may look. And hope has this property, that it covers all the senses of the head of the soul, so that there is naught so ever pertaining to the world in which they can be immersed, nor is there an opening through why any arrow of the world can wound them. It has a visor, however, which the soul is permitted to use so that its eyes may look upward, but nowhere else; for this is the function which hope habitually performs in the soul by directing of its eyes upwards to look at God alone, even as David declared that his eyes were directed, when he said: Oculi mei semper ad Dominum (Psalm 25:15). He hoped for no good thing elsewhere, save as he himself says in another Psalm: ‘Even as the eyes of the handmaid are set upon the hands of her mistress, even so are our eyes set upon our Lord God, until He have mercy upon us as we hope in Him’ (Psalm 123:2).

For this reason, because of this green livery, the Beloved has such great pleasure with the soul that it is true to say that the soul obtains from Him as much as it hopes from Him. Wherefore the Spouse in the Songs tells the Bride that, by looking upon Him with one eye alone, she has wounded His heart (Song of Songs 4:9). Without this green livery of hope in God alone it would be impossible for the soul to go forth to encompass this loving achievement, for it would have no success, since that which moves and conquers is the importunity of hope.

Over the white and the green vestments, as the crown and perfection of this disguise and livery, the soul now puts on the third color, which is a splendid garment of purple. By this is denoted the third virtue, charity. This not only adds grace to the other two colors, but causes the soul to rise to so lofty a point that it is brought near to God, and becomes very beautiful and pleasing to Him, so that it makes bold to say: ‘Albeit I am black, O daughters of Jerusalem, I am comely; wherefore the King hath loved me and hath brought me into His chambers’ (Song of Songs 1:5). This livery of charity, that of love, causes greater love in the Beloved, and not only protects the soul and hides it from the third enemy, the flesh (for where there is true love of God there enters neither love of self nor that of other things of self), but even gives worth to the other virtues, bestowing on them vigor and strength to protect the soul, and grace and beauty to please the Beloved with them, for without charity no virtue has grace before God. This is the purple spoken of in the Songs (Song of Songs 3:10), upon which God reclines. Clad in this purple livery the soul journeys when it goes forth from itself in the dark night, and from all things created, ‘kindled in love with yearnings,’ by this secret ladder of contemplation, to the perfect union of love of God, its beloved salvation.

This is the disguise which the soul says that is wears in the night of faith, and these are its three colors. They constitute a most fit preparation for the union of the soul with God, according to its three faculties, which are understanding, memory, and will. For faith voids and darkens the understanding as to all its natural intelligence, and herein prepares its union with Divine Wisdom. Hope voids and withdraws the memory from all creature possessions; for as St. Paul says, hope is for that which is not possessed (Romans 8:24); and thus it withdraws the memory from that which it is capable of possessing, and sets it on that for which it hopes. And for this cause hope in God alone prepares the memory purely for union with God. Charity, in the same way, voids and annihilates the affections and desires of the will for whatever is not God, and sets them upon Him alone; and thus this virtue prepares this faculty and unites it with God through love. And thus, since the functions of these virtues is the withdrawal of the soul from all that is less than God, their function is consequently that of joining it with God.

And thus, unless it journeys earnestly, clad in the garments of these three virtues, it is impossible for the soul to attain to the perfection of union with God through love. Wherefore, in order that the soul might attain that which it desired, the loving and delectable union with its Beloved, this disguise and clothing which it assumed was most necessary and convenient. And likewise to have succeeded in this clothing itself and persevering until it should obtain the end and aspiration which it had so much desired, the union of love, is a great and happy chance.

St. John of the Cross, Dark Night of the Soul